Cum se formează Present Perfect?
(to) have + forma a treia a verbului principal
e.g.: I have just eaten lunch.
e.g.: He has lived here for 10 years.
Atenție: Folosim forma corectă a verbului auxiliar (to) have: have sau has, în funcție de persoană/număr.
Când folosim Present Perfect?
Folosim timpul verbal Present Perfect pentru:
- acțiuni recente (recent actions) care au un impact în prezent:
I have just eaten lunch. (So I am not hungry.) - acțiuni nefinalizate (uncompleted actions) care ar trebui să se încheie în curând (în acest caz, se folosește forma negativă):
He has not finished his homework yet. - schimbări în timp (changes over time):
She has cut her hair (since the last time I saw her). - acțiuni/situații care au început în trecut și continuă în prezent (actions/situations that started in the past and continue in the present):
He has lived here for 10 years. (He still lives here.) - experiența de viață (life experience):
I have been to Japan.
I have seen this movie three times (up to now / so far).
Adverbe și prepoziții
Adverbe și prepoziții care se folosesc frecvent alături de Present Perfect:
- just: I have just eaten lunch.
- already: I have already eaten lunch.
- yet: I have not eaten lunch yet.
- never / ever: I have never been to Canada. / I have not ever been to Canada.
- so far / up to now: I have been to Canada two times so far / up to now.
- recently: I have been to Canada recently.
- for & since: Aceste două prepoziții se folosesc pentru acțiuni/situații care au început în trecut și continuă în prezent.
For indică perioada de timp dintre momentul de început și momentul prezent: He has lived here for 10 years.
Since indică momentul de început: He has lived here since 2002.
Afirmativ / Interogativ / Negativ
| Afirmativ | Interogativ | Negativ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Persoana I, sg. | I have eaten lunch. | Have I eaten lunch? | I have not eaten lunch. |
| Persoana a II-a, sg. | You have heard this song before. | Have you heard this song before? | You have not heard this song before. |
| Persoana a III-a, sg. | He has finished his homework. She has cut her hair. The concert has started. | Has he finished his homework? Has she cut her hair? Has the concert started? | He has not finished his homework. She has not cut her hair. The concert has not started. |
| Persoana I, pl. | We have lived here for two years. | Have we lived here for two years? | We have not lived here for two years. |
| Persoana a II-a, pl. | You have been to Italy two times. | Have you been to Italy? | You have not been to Italy. |
| Persoana a III-a, pl. | They have grown a lot. | Have they grown a lot? | They have not grown a lot. |
Ascultă tutorialul audio din această lecție pentru a afla cum folosim contrageri în cadrul timpului verbal Present Perfect.