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How do I form Present Perfect?

(to) have + the 3^rd form of the main verb

e.g.: I have just eaten lunch.
e.g.: He has lived here for 10 years.

Note: We need to use the correct conjugation of the auxiliary verb (to) have: have or has, according to the person/number.

When do I use Present Perfect?

We use Present Perfect for:

• recent actions that have an impact on the present situation:
  I have just eaten lunch. (So I am not hungry.)


• uncompleted actions that should be completed soon:
  (The negative form is used in this case.)
  He has not finished his homework yet.


• changes over time:
  She has cut her hair (since the last time I saw her).


• actions/situations that started in the past and continue in the present:
  He has lived here for 10 years. (He still lives here.)


• life experience:
  I have been to Japan.
  I have seen this movie three times (up to now / so far).

Adverbs & Prepositions

Adverbs and prepositions that are often used with Present Perfect:

• just: I have just eaten lunch.
• already: I have already eaten lunch.
• yet: I have not eaten lunch yet.


• never / ever: I have never been to Canada. / I have not ever been to Canada.
• so far / up to now: I have been to Canada two times so far / up to now.
• recently: I have been to Canada recently.


• for & since: These two prepositions are used for actions/situations that started in the past and continue in the present.
  For indicates the period between the starting point and the present: He has lived here for 10 years.
  Since indicates the starting point: He has lived here since 2002.

Affirmative / Interrogative / Negative

	Affirmative	Interrogative	Negative
1st person Singular	I have eaten lunch.	Have I eaten lunch?	I have not eaten lunch.
2nd person Singular	You have heard this song before.	Have you heard this song before?	You have not heard this song before.
3rd person Singular	He has finished his homework. She has cut her hair. The concert has started.	Has he finished his homework? Has she cut her hair? Has the concert started?	He has not finished his homework. She has not cut her hair. The concert has not started.
1st person Plural	We have lived here for two years.	Have we lived here for two years?	We have not lived here for two years.
2nd person Plural	You have been to Italy two times.	Have you been to Italy?	You have not been to Italy.
3rd person Plural	They have grown a lot.	Have they grown a lot?	They have not grown a lot.

Listen to the audio tutorial in this lesson to find out how we use contractions with the Present Perfect tense.

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